Sheikh Definition - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 268 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/10/10 Category Religion Essay Level High school Tags: Islam Essay Did you like this example? Sheikh, likewise suggested Sheik, Shaikh, or even Shaykh, Arabic Shaykh, Arabic name of appreciation coming from pre-Islamic antiquity; it solely suggests an old guy of much more than fifty years old. The name sheikh is actually particularly birthed through chief of theological purchases, chief of universities, including Al-Azhar University in Cairo, principals of groups, and also headmen of communities as well as of different zones of cities. It is actually additionally put on found out guys, particularly participants of the training class of ulamas (theologians), as well as has actually been actually related to any person that has actually committed to know the entire Quran, nonetheless younger he could be.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sheikh Definition" essay for you Create order Shaykh al-jabal (the mountain chief) was actually a preferred condition for the crown of the Assassins and also was actually mistranslated due to the crusaders as the old male of the mountain range. Without a doubt the absolute most necessary headline was actually shaykh al-islam, which due to the 11th century was actually provided to distinguished ulamas and also mystics as well as due to the 15th century levelled to any kind of superior mufti (approved legal representative). In the Ottoman Empire using this headline was actually restrained through SÃ ¼leyman I (1520 66) to the mufti of Istanbul, that, identical in ranking to the principal vizier, was actually head of the spiritual organizations that managed regulation, compensation, faith, as well as education and learning. As a result of his right to problem binding fatwas (Islamic lawful viewpoints), this representative pertained to possess world power. In 1924, under the Turkish Republic, the final shadows of the company were a ctually eliminated.

Treatment Of Women Facing Breast Cancer - 820 Words

Treatment Women facing breast cancer, in every phase of the disease and at every phase of treatment, struggles with some amount of emotional distress (Holland, 2014), which can have an adverse affect on health and recovery (Godbout Glaser, 2006). Research has evidence that immune functioning is improved by the perception of a degree of restraint over harmful stimuli (Boinon, Charles, Dauchy Sultan, 2011; Chung, Lee, Hwang, Park, 2013) and by the communication of positive or negative emotions (Jacob, Kreifelts, Brà ¼ck, Erb, Hà ¶sl, Wildgruber, 2012; Cohen, 2004). While these are good rationales to include counseling in â€Å"survivorship care plans or SPCs† (Rechis, Arvey, Beckjord, 2013, p. 119), perchance, the principal reason is that psychological treatment can improve the client’s quality of life during a distressful time (Charles, 2000; Kirsch, 2012). Studies point to one to three years after treatment as a critical juncture in which to closely monitor the m ental health of breast cancer survivors (Charles, 2000; Naughton Weaver, 2012; De Moor, Mariotto, Parry, et al., 2013). Beneficial outcomes from a range of approaches, and various interventions comprise multiple factors to help survivors, including: psycho education classes about cancer and treatment (Stanton, 2006; Golant, Altman, Martin, 2003), establishment of emotional support (Kopala Keitel, 2003), teaching coping skills (Hewitt, Greenfield, Stovall, 2006), challenging unsupportive thoughtsShow MoreRelated Breast Cancer Essay985 Words   |  4 Pages Breast Cancer: Risk Factors, Detection amp; Treatment nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Among all American women who die when they are between the ages of forty and forty-five, the cause of death most likely to be listed on their death certificates is BREAST CANCER. 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By this year of 2016 going into 2017 there will approximately be 246,660 cases found. The 20th century is described to be the cancer century. One main cancer I wanted to talk about that has my full attention was breast cancer. The important ways of looking at breast cancer as a tremendous problem is because we are losing our women to this disease. Categorizing the mainRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Cancer Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesTo acknowledge the health beings of a women is quite scary knowing that in about 1 in 8 women in the U.S will develop breast cancer. By this year of 2016 going into 2017 there will approximately be 246,660 cases found. The 20th century is described to be the cancer century. O ne main cancer I wanted to talk about that has my full attention was breast cancer. The important ways of looking at breast cancer as a tremendous problem is because we are losing our women to this disease. 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An average of 445 Canadian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and an average of 100 Canadian women will die of breast cancer every week (Canadian Cancer Society, 2010). Coping with breast cancerRead MoreEffects Of Breast Cancer And Its Effects On The Body985 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Breast Cancer In the United States alone there are 14 million people living with cancer as of January 1st, 2014, and more than three million of those people have breast cancer (American Cancer Society). Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and can have devastating effects on those with it. The cancer has large effects on the body, mental state, economics, and family of the patient. The body is affected on a cellular level by cancer. Going more into detail, cancer is caused byRead MoreWomen’S Health Issues Require Separate And Unique Attention1205 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s health issues require separate and unique attention from the medical world. Women represent the transition that society is also facing in regard to economics, health and wellness issues. ‘Healthy mind does, indeed produce a healthy body’. While, women are suffering from various health issues from past. Although, men and women share many health concerns. Women health issues include conditions that only effect women anatomy such as from child birth, pregnancy, menstruation till menopause. TheseRead MoreAlumni Clinical Observation Assignment1625 Words   |  7 Pagesof shadowing Jenn Dagger, a registered Oncology nurse who works at the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine. She works in the Oncology unit located on the third floor west pavilion, which contains both the Rena Rowan Breast Cancer Center and the Jordan Center for Gynecologic Cancers. She graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a Bachelor’s degree of Science in Nursing and decided to stay in Philadelphia to pursue a career. 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The Effect of Computer in Our Daily Lives Free Essays

Why Do They Fail? Statistics show that most people who begin high school finish. Some drop out, of course, but approximately three-quarters earn a diploma. At the post-secondary level, however, fewer than two-thirds of the students complete their program of study. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Computer in Our Daily Lives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Why do so many college and university students drop out? Knowing the factors that prevent students from completing their post-secondary programs may prove crucial to you regardless of whether you are presently a college student or thinking of becoming one. Most educators agree that the principal causes of failure are lack of basic skills, lack of study skills, and lack of motivation. A firm grasp of basic skills—what are termed the three Rs: reading, writing, and arithmetic—is a must for college or university work. Not only are texts and research material more difficult to understand than they were in high school, but also the quantity of required reading is greater. The ability to express oneself clearly in standard written English is essential; garbled essays, ungrammatical reports, or poorly spelled and punctuated papers will be routinely failed by instructors, regardless of the ideas the writer may think he is expressing. Similarly, mathematical skills are essential to a student’s success in many post-secondary programs. Business, science, technology, and some applied arts programs require sound computational skills. Post-secondary students who lack these basic skills often find little remedial help available and little instructor tolerance for poor work; hence, they fall behind and drop out. How to cite The Effect of Computer in Our Daily Lives, Essay examples

Revenue Recognition - No Time to Wait

Question: Discuss the issue of the Journal of Accountancy. Answer: As we all are aware of the fact that presently GAAP has involved complex, disparate and detailed revenue recognition requirements in respect of specified transactions such as software and real estate. Consequently, it has been observed that different industries use various accounting regarding similar transactions (Blodget, Henry,2009) The main purpose of the new guidance is mainly to establish the specific principles so as to report the required information in regard to the nature, timing as well as the uncertainty in respect of revenue to the users of the financial statement. Issuance of new guidance on revenue recognition (Revenue Recognition As-9 ) Helps to remove inconsistencies as well as weakness which is prevailing in the current revenue requirements Maintain to improve comparability for revenue recognition across industries, organization, and capital Market. Due to improved disclosure requirements, it has resulted in providing more useful information to the users of financial statements. Due to the reduction/ elimination in the number of disclosure, it consequently simplifies the preparation of financial statements. It also provides that new guidance also would affects any reporting entity which either enters into a contract with the customer for transfer of goods or service such as lease contracts, insurance contracts. Some of the changes are as follows Sale can be recognized any after the product or service delivered to the customer. The new concept has been developed Estimated Selling Price which provide the company an option to rely on the internal estimates for the selling price in case there is no third - party evidence is available. It is clearly indicated that entity cannot use residual method of accounting so as to allocate sale value. They have to decide regarding the method to be apply it may be ESP (Estimated Selling Price, VSOE or third party evidence of selling price. Disclosure must be made in the financial statement about the ESP by the organization. It is clearly indicated that in order to allocate the value of sale, an entity cannot use the residual method. Proper disclosure must be made in the financial Statement specifying the approach that how they decided about the estimated selling price It is provided that under new guidance of revenue recognition, the (Apple) companys recognition for all the revenues as well as product cost, for I phone and Apple TV, must be ascertain as when these products/ objects are delivered to the customer. However it is provided that under the historical approach, Entity is required to account for sale of both the item using the subscription accounting because the company indicated that they may provide software upgrades and other features for those products free. Under that approach i.e. subscription accounting, revenue as well as the associated cost for I phone and Apple TV are differed at the time of sale and have been recognized over useful estimated life for each period (Rigaud, Sylvain,2015). Consequently, it would result in a deferral of the significant amount of revenue as well as cost related to the same. Therefore, it can be stated that adoption of new guidance for revenue recognition significantly changes how the company accounts for certain operating items such as the sale of I phone and Apple TV (Blodget, Henry,2016). Work Cited Blodget, Henry. "Iphone Accounting Change Could Send Apple Profits And Stock To Moon". Business Insider. N.p., 2016. Web. 22 Mar. 2016. FASB, IASB Unveil Final Standard on Revenue Recognition. (2014).AccountingWEB. Retrieved 22 March 2016, from https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:H2fY_PNODFIJ:www.accountingweb.com/aa/standards/fasb-iasb-unveil-final-standard-on-revenue-recognition+cd=9hl=enct=clnkgl=in "09 Accounting Standard 9 - Revenue Recognition - AS 9". Knowledgebible.com. N.p., 2010. Web. 22 Mar. 2016. Revenue recognition: Effectively managing accounting change. (2016).PwC. Retrieved 22 March 2016, from https://www.pwc.com/us/en/audit-assurance-services/accounting-advisory/revenue-recognition.html

Convertibility of Black Money Indian Case Essay Example

Convertibility of Black Money: Indian Case Essay 1. What is black money? Black money is essentially the currency used in ‘black economy’. Black, shadow, underground, unobserved, unofficial, subterranean, unrecorded, informal, irregular, second, twilight, parallel – are all the synonyms used for the ‘shadow economy’. The shadow economy basically consists of legal and illegal activities outside the reach of the government. Smith (1985, p. 18) provides a very broad definition of the shadow economy as ‘market based production of goods and services, whether legal or illegal, that escape detection in the official estimates of GDP’. Table 1 gives a better view of what a reasonable definition of underground economy includes. Underground economic activities are all illegal actions that fit the characteristics of classical crime transactions like burglary, robbery, drug dealing, etc. Informal household economy consists of household enterprises that (1) are small in terms of persons engaged, and (2) are not registered officially under various specific forms of national legislation. 2. Why is there a shadow economy? The growth of the underground economy is associated with various factors, such as rise in taxes and social security burdens, intensity of regulations in the official economy, especially the labour markets including forced reduction of weekly working time, early retirement, prohibition of not working at more than one office for government officials etc. Apart from economic factors certain non-economic factors also lead to the expansion of the underground economy such as unwillingness to show the accurate income etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Convertibility of Black Money: Indian Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Convertibility of Black Money: Indian Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Convertibility of Black Money: Indian Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to Schneider and Enste (2000) micro- sociological and psychological approaches provide interesting insights in the decision-making process of individuals choosing to work underground. For example, the decline of civic virtue and loyalty towards public institutions and decline in tax morale of the people. Burden of Tax and Social Security Contributions The most important determinant of the increase of the underground economy is the rise in tax and social security burdens [ Tanzi (1982, 1999)]. As a result of increase in tax rates people generally get involved in those activities where they can earn more and pay as less taxes as possible. Schneider and Enste (2000) state that bigger the difference between the total cost of labour in the official economy and after tax earnings (from work), greater the incentive to avoid this difference and work in the underground economy. Since this difference depends broadly on the social security system and the overall tax burden, therefore, these are the key features of the existence and rise of the underground economy. Loayza (1996) estimates the size of the informal sector in fourteen Latin American countries and finds that tax burden and labour market restrictions increase the underground economy activity, while the strength and efficiency of government institutions reduces the underground economy. Schneider and Neck (1993) emphasize the complexity of taxation system. A complex tax schedule allows more legal tax avoidance by providing various tax exemptions and reductions. Intensity of Regulations Regulatory frameworks are generally designed to get control over certain things. Increasing the number of regulations for any market is not a good policy to adopt; more regulations mean more restrictions which lead to increased labour costs in the official economy. Since most of these costs can be shifted onto employees, it reduces individuals’ choices to work in the official economy. As a result, they would work in the informal/unofficial sector, which thus leads to more tax evasion and increase in the underground economy. Intensity of regulation is often measured by the number of laws and requirements such as licenses, and various other labour laws, e. g. , labour restrictions for foreigners, price controls and trade barriers. Friedman (1999) showed that more regulations are correlated with larger underground economy. They estimated that one point increase in an index of regulation (ranging from 1–5) leads to 10 percent increase in the underground economy. Social Transfers Social transfers such as subsidies discourage people to work especially in the official economy because their overall income is higher if they receive these transfers while working in the underground economy. However, this does not contribute significantly to the underground economy as far as India’s is concerned. Pensions which have a major proportion in social transfers in India may contribute but very little to the underground economy. 3. Consequences of the underground economy and tax evasion Rise in the underground economy decreases the state revenues, which in turn reduces the quality and quantity of publicly provided goods and services [Schneider and Enste (2000)]. The loss of revenues is then either filled through increase in tax rates or by increase in price of inelastic goods, i. e. , inflation tax. To reduce the prices in the country Government then reduces the money supply and increases the interest rate, which reduces the credit creation and the level of investment. Consequently, the overall economic activity declines. The role of monetary policy is to enhance growth through increase in investment. In the presence of high and increasing underground economy it is a difficult to estimate how much money supply is needed to get better GDP growth. 4. The Shadow Economy in India The presence of the black economy in India first came to the forefront with the release of the Wanchoo Committee Report (Government of India, Ministry of Finance, 1971), that referred to the phenomenon as a â€Å"cancerous growth in the country’s economy which if not checked in time, will surely lead to its ruination†. The Venkatappiah Committee Report (Government of India, 1974), which focused on the self-removal of excise taxes also felt â€Å"free to confess that we are not prepared for, and are, therefore, painfully surprised at, the range, diversity and, in certain segments of production, almost the universality of the evasion which is practiced by those who produce the goods†. Besides taxes, the extent of regulation rampant in the economy encouraging the proliferation of the hidden economy was highlighted way back in 1979 (Government of India, Ministry of Finance, 1979) by the Dagli Committee Report. This report documents the web of regulation that seems to have stifled industrial licensing, import licensing, controls on prices and distribution channels of goods and services, credit controls and other measures in India for some decades now. 5. Convertibility of black money to white money Experts estimate that Indias black money ranges from 5% to a monster 20% of gross domestic product. The unaccounted money also feeds Indias rampant corruption machine, including election campaigns. A study by the Mumbai-based Center for Monitoring Indian Economics (CMIE) found that each parliamentary poll generates between $10. 19 billion and $11. 33 billion of black money. Black-money laundering in India is a constantly evolving art, with a recent development being investing hidden funds in paintings. Tax officials raiding builders in metropolitan cities found that chartered accountants were advising their clients to hide their black money in art collections. Luxury cars are another giveaway, besides purchasing real estate and jewelry India is one of the worlds largest consumers of gold. But the stock market could be the biggest and easiest money-laundering avenue. Black money is turned white through massive profits pocketed after parting with a mere 10% capital gains tax. A large number of companies and Indian individuals are using Mauritius, a tax haven with which India has double taxation avoidance treaty (DTAT), to channelize their black money into India as FDI. High net worth individuals, especially NRIs, to minimize their tax bill, use the country to invest their money in Indian stock markets. The controversial treaty has encouraged a number of Indian, the US and European companies to open their â€Å" one room size offices† in that country to channelize their investments to India, while avoiding taxation, indulge in money laundering and convert their ‘black money into white. ’ Among the pioneers of Mauritius route in India was Enron, which used the gateway to establish the controversial Dabhol Power Company in Maharashtra. In 2004 while claiming that there were no any specific complaints against the Indian companies using Mauritius route, Finance Minister P. Chidambaram said India would not prefer to sign DTAT like treaties with other countries. About Rs 40,000 crore worth of FDI had come to India from Mauritius-based firms. Commenting upon the apprehensions that some domestic companies were misusing the treaty to â€Å"channelize their black money†, Mr. Chidambaram said, â€Å"certain companies might have taken advantage of the treaty. However, all transactions had taken place within the legal framework. † The Mauritius government had agreed to take steps to prevent the misuse of the treaty through steps like imposing a condition that no company with Indians’ interest would be registered in that country. Further, conditions for the residential proof had been tightened. Though, with the change in capital gain rules and some strictness shown by the Mauritius government to prevent Indian companies from misusing the treaty, on papers it may not be so attractive to exploit this island country yet the treaty still offers a chance to befool the income tax officials by routing domestic black money as FDI through Mauritius. In February 2006 the central government had declared the possibility of issuing special bonds to draw black money into the official economy, without giving amnesty to tax dodgers, as earlier schemes had controversially done. The Law Ministry was studying the legal basis of the no-amnesty proposal, after the Supreme Court had frowned on successive foreign ministers announcing voluntary disclosure schemes that taxation expert committees felt had only helped to legitimize money-laundering. The bonds were proposed to be repayable after three or five years with about 1% interest or no interest. In a country routinely ranked by Transparency International as one of the most corrupt in the world, tracking illegal wealth becomes a constant challenge. 6. Conclusions If there was no tax evasion budget balance for certain years might be positive and we would not need to borrow as much as we had borrowed. There could be various possible ways to cut down tax evasion which needs strict measures such as: increase the number of legal documentation, strengthening the institutions, better governance, decrease the number of regulations which prohibit people to work in the formal economy, improvement in tax payer records, and efficiency wages could be good to prevent people both from shirking on the jobs and taking bribe. Knowledge and information, leadership and collective action can be used as the prime weapons to tackle corruption. In the long run we can bring awareness to the people on the benefits of paying taxes which improves the tax morale of the people. Increase in the underground economy is mostly associated with the tax burdens and intensity of regulations. It is difficult for the authorities to broaden the tax base in a very short period of time but it is the most necessary thing to do, which should have been done many years ago. Government should ensure that regulatory laws are implemented properly as they were made and reduce the number of regulations which prohibit people to work in the official economy. Instead of creating more avenues for convertibility of black money to white money, which gives all the more incentive to hoard more black money, Government should put more emphasis on reducing the intensity of regulations or at least improve the enforcement of laws and regulations instead of increasing the number of regulations. The government should reduce its humungous size by curbing its populist measures of creating more government jobs and reduce its extravagant expenditure to make both ends meet. APPENDIX Table 1: A Taxonomy of Types of Underground Economic Activities Type of ActivityMonetary TransactionsNon Monetary Transactions Illegal Activities Trade with stolen goods; drug dealing and manufacturing; prostitution; gambling; smuggling and fraud. Barter of drugs, stolen goods, smuggling etc. Produce or growing drugs for own use. Theft for own use. Tax EvasionTax AvoidanceTax EvasionTax Avoidance Legal Activities Unreported income rom self-employment; Wages, salaries and assets from unreported work related to legal services and goods. Employee discounts, fringe benefits. Barter of legal services and goods. All do-it-yourself work and neighbor help. From Lippert and Walker (1997, p. 5) Table2: Size of the Hidden Economy for some Asian Countries (percent of official GDP in 1994/95) CountryRankSize of th e Shadow Economy in % of GDP Bangladesh6 30. 2 China (only free economic zones)15 10. 2 Hong Kong12 15. 3 India9 20. 3 Indonesia11 15. 4 Japan14 10. 6 Korea (South)8 22. 4 Malaysia7 28. 3 Nepal 433. 4 Pakistan 531. 4 Philippines 238. 4 Singapore 1311. Sri Lanka 335. 3 Taiwan 1017. 4 Thailand 148. 3 Unweighted Average of the 15 Countries24. 5 Bibliography: 1. Feige, E. L. (ed. ) (1989) The Underground Economies. Tax Evasion and Information Distortion. Cambridge University Press. 2. â€Å"The Underground economy: Minimizing the size of government†, March 1998 by David E A Giles, Department of Economics, University of Victoria, Victoria, B. C. 3. Working paper â€Å"The Size and Development of the Shadow Economies in the Asia-Pacific†, April 2003 by Friedrich Schneider and Christopher Bajada 4. â€Å"Shadow Economies and Corruption all over the World: What do we really know? , September 2006 by Friedrich Schneider, Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Johanne s Kepler University of Linz, Austria 5. â€Å"Does the shadow economy pose a challenge to the economic and public finance policy? Some preliminary findings† , March 2007, by Friedrich Schneider, Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Austria 6. www. freedomindia. com 7. Bruno S. Frey and Friedrich Schneider, â€Å"Informal and Underground Economy† International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Science, Bd. 12 Economics, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishing Company, 2000.

Somebody Loves You Mr. Hatch - Book Review

Somebody Loves You Mr. Hatch - Book Review Summary of Somebody Loves You, Mr. Hatch Somebody Loves You, Mr. Hatch, a Valentines Day picture book by Eileen Spinelli, wonderfully illustrates the power of love and friendship. It would make an excellent gift for a young child. The illustrations are by Paul Yalowitz whose whimsical, textured artwork adds greatly to the story of a lonely man whose life is changed by an anonymous gift, a change in attitude and the kindness of others. Somebody Loves You, Mr. Hatch is a book I recommend for parents to read aloud and talk about with their kids, ages 4-8. Mr. Hatch and His Lonely Life The main character in the picture book is a very lonely man, Mr. Hatch. The story begins with a description of Mr. Hatchs lonely daily life. He lives alone, barely knows or talks to anyone, works all day in a shoelace factory, buys a fresh turkey wing for supper each day, eats, takes a shower, and goes to bed. In his neighborhood and at work people say the same thing about Mr. Hatch, He keeps to himself. Mr. Hatchs loneliness is illustrated with drab colors and by the way in which the artist depicts him: shoulders slumped, head down, manner subdued. A Big Change for Mr. Hatch All of this changes when the postman brings Mr. Hatch a huge, heart-shaped box of chocolates along with a card that says somebody loves you. Mr. Hatch is so happy he does a little dance. Because he thinks he might meet his secret admirer, Mr. Hatch puts on a colorful tie and some old aftershave. He takes the box of chocolates to work to share. He even talks to Mr. Smith at his newspaper stand, notices he looks sick and offers to watch the newsstand while Mr. Smith goes to the doctors office. Mr. Hatch continues to talk to others, to help those in need, and to share with his neighbors. In fact, Mr. Hatch bakes brownies and holds an impromptu picnic for his neighbors at which he plays his old harmonica for them. His neighbors enjoy being with Mr. Hatch and like him very much. The more Mr. Hatch is friendly and kind to his neighbors, the more they reciprocate. When the postman tells Mr. Hatch that the candy had been delivered to his house by mistake and that he doesnt have a secret admirer, Mr. Hatch becomes withdrawn again. The postman tells the neighbors what has happened. The neighbors get together and throw a big surprise party for Mr. Hatch, complete with candy, a new harmonica, and a big sign that said, Everybody loves Mr. Hatch. My Recommendation This is a charming book with a powerful message. The importance of love and kindness comes through loud and clear. Even very young children will understand how good it is to feel loved and how important it is to help others feel loved. While this is an excellent Valentines Day book, the story is one that children will enjoy year-round.(Simon Schuster Books for Young Readers, 1996, Paperback. ISBN: 9780689718724) Other Good Books for Valentines Day One of the childrens books I particularly recommend is the special pop-up gift edition of Guess How Much I Love You, by Sam McBratney, with Anita Jerams delightful illustrations and Corina Fletchers well-designed paper engineering. Youll find more books on my annotated list of the Top Childrens Books for Valentines Day, which includes picture books, such as, Queen of Hearts Love, Splat and t, plus the beginning readers Too Many Valentines and Nate the Great and the Mushy Valentine.

Whistleblower, Ethic audit & ethic officer Essay

Whistleblower, Ethic audit & ethic officer - Essay Example ut safeguarding their image before the society and maintaining customer loyalty, but it is also about fixing errors within the business and appreciating those that identify the errors and bring them to the management’s attention. Erroneous financial statements may work for a short while but eventually if the mistakes are not identified and eradicated in time, they might incur the business a lot of cost in the long run. Business owners should place value in such loyal employees as Sherron Watkins and appreciate them for their dedication and courage rather than label them as whistle-blowers. On the other hand, from the employees’ perspective, this ethical issue is worth being concerned about because if they do not do justice to their job by telling the truth, they are being part of the act of fraud. Identifying errors, bringing them to the attention of the concerned authority, and suggesting ways for their eradication is the fundamental responsibility of every employee in the

Governor Rod Blagojevich Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Governor Rod Blagojevich - Case Study Example Illinois has a sordid history of corruption in politics, but the public has become more sensitive to the issues of illegal campaign contributions, inappropriate lobbying, and self-enrichment. Governor Blagojevich should have saved the legislature's time, the taxpayers' money, and the dignity of the office by resigning before he was impeached. In the face of escalating unemployment and an economic crisis, the Illinois legislature should have been working to resolve these important issues, rather than debating the issue of impeachment. Blagojevich owed it to the public to step down and allow the state government to attend to more important matters than his alleged bribery. The final vote of 59-0 came after four days of valuable government time, and indicates that there was never a possibility for the Governor to fight these charges in the legislature (Long and Pearson). The public would have been better served if the Governor would have accepted the inevitable outcome and resigned at an earlier date. The pending impeachment stagnated state government, while the public debt continued to escalate. The Illinois state debt is in excess of $114 billion and continues to go up every day (Surviving Illinois' Debt).

External Envrionment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

External Envrionment - Essay Example Mr. Curran Dandurand was thinking of the dynamics of the organizations international marketing operations. For more that fifteen years, the company had sold products outside the united states of America. However, when it came to 1992, out of the totals sales of $1billion, the company’s international sales accounted for only 11 per cent. This is opposite to Avon, a rival company which delivered more that 55 per cent of a total of $3.6 sales from the international markets in the same year. The company got a chance to venture into the international market. Among the international market ventures included launching of its operations in Japan. Japan is considered a mature market but then it happens to be lucrative in its operations. The other major market is the rapidly upcoming market in china. China happens to be quite unknown but the potential is enormous. Mary Kay Cosmetics Company was in competition for customers in both direct selling and cosmetics industries. Just to mention , the major competitor in the united states in 1992 were four companies. They included Avon, L’Oreal, Revlon and Procter & gamble. When it came to international marketing, Argentina and Australia were not chosen because of reasons bent on the company’s strategy. However, the company had a presence in many other countries and was hoping to do extremely well. In Canada, the Mary Kay cosmetics company was perceived as outdated, a clear indicator of its poor market analysis as a new entrant. This was in accordance to the research that was conducted. All this happened in the year 1992. This definitely tainted their image. Mary Kay Company needs a renewed approach that pays attention to the needs and culture of the local markets. Customers’ thoughts about a product are of utmost importance, because it determines how they shall respond to the same product. The Mary Kay cosmetics company had a lot of work to do after it suffered a low brand image. This may as well mean that the company never took enough time to understand the market requirements of the Australians. The brand image was positive in Mexico. Many people were aware of the brand in the same country. The company had rapid expansion in Taiwan, which was able to raise $3.3 million through sales. One of the mistakes Mary Kay Cosmetics Company did was to apply US market strategies directly without an acute understanding of the other markets. To be more specific, the company used the same marketing strategies used in the United States in new markets. These strategies were not even modified to pay any special attention to the new market requirements. This can be done through forecasting which could play a great role in learning the behavior of the market (Mullins, Boyd & Walker, 2010). Instead, Avon paid attention to the needs of the local markets. This included setting apart enough resources for international marketing strategies. This was important as a new entrant. Avon did not ignore other new market entrants. Mary Kay Company downplayed the implications and threats of other new entrants. Besides, in some markets the consumers were not aware of the products and services associated with Mary and Kay Cosmetics Company. Definitely, this led to low brand awareness that ended up hurting the overall sales of Mary Kay incorporated. One of the requirements of successful marketing is an acute understanding of the needs of the market. This on its own is not enough. After understanding the needs

Major Trends Which Affect Microprocessor Information Technology Essay

Major Trends Which Affect Microprocessor Information Technology Essay In the first section I selected the question about Memory Management Unit of Linux operation system. In this section I described the strategies and mechanism used by Memory Management, problems faced by these techniques and solutions to overcome it. In the section number two I chose the question about microprocessor. This question discussed how microprocessors work, major trends affecting to their performance, differences between microprocessors design goals for laptops, servers, desktops and embedded systems. 2 Section1: Linux Operating System Introduction Linux, one of the free open source operating system does sufficient memory management activities to keep the system stable and users demand for errors free. As processes and threads executes, they read instructions from memory and decode it. In such act, instructions would be fetched or store contents of a location in a memory. Then, the processor would execute the instructions which in either way the memory would be accessed in fetching instructions or storing the data. Linux uses a copy-on-write scheme. If two or more programs are using the same block of memory, only one copy is actually in RAM, and all the programs read the same block. If one program writes to that block, then a copy is made for just that program. All other programs still share the same memory. Linux handles memory in such a way that when RAM is not in use, the operating system uses it as disk cache. Below diagram illustrate a brief overview of Linux operating system. C:UsersuserDesktopimages.jpg 3 Memory Management The term memory management refers to the one of the most important parts of the operating system. It consider in provision of memory-related services to applications. These services include virtual memory (use of a hard disk or other non-RAM storage media to provide additional program memory), protected memory (exclusive access to a region of memory by a process), and shared memory (cooperative access to a region of memory by multiple processes). Linux memory management does use the platform of Memory Management Unit which translate physical memory addresses to liner ones used by the system and page fault interrupt are requested when the processor tries to access to memory that is not entitled to. Virtual Memory Virtual memory of Linux is using a disk as an extension of RAM therefore that the effective size of convenient memory grows respectively. The kernel will write the substance of a currently dormant block of memory to the hard disk so that the memory can be used for another function. When the original contents are necessary again, they are read back into memory. This is all made completely transparent to the user; programs running under Linux only see the larger amount of memory available and dont notice that parts of them reside on the disk from time to time. Obviously, reading and writing the hard disk is slower (on the order of a thousand times slower) than using real memory, so the programs dont run as fast. The part of the hard disk that is used as virtual memory is called the  swap space. Virtual memory system consist of all virtual addresses not physical addresses. These virtual addresses are transformed into physical addresses by the processor based on information held in a set of tables maintained by the operating system. To make this conversion easier, virtual and physical memory are shared into handy sized pieces called pages. These pages are all the same size, if they were different size, the system would be very hard to administer 4 The schemes for Memory Management The simplicity of Linux memory model facilitates program implementation and portability in different systems. There exist two schemes for implementation of memory management in Linux; 1.Paging 2.Swapping Paging Demand Paging Currently, saving is done using physical memory by virtual pages when compiling a program. In latter case when a program runs to query a database, not all database will respond, but only those with data records to be checked. For instance a database request for search query will only be loaded and not database with programs that works to add new records. This is also referred to as demand paging. The purpose of using demand paging is to load performing images into a process of virtual memory. Every time when a command is accomplished, the file containing it is opened and its contents are displayed into the processs virtual memory. Memory mapping is executed by modifying the data structure which is describing this process. Even so the rest of the image is left on disk ,only the first part of the image is actually sent into physical memory. Linux uses memory map to identify parts of image to load into memory by generating page faults as the image executes. 5 C:UsersfoxDesktopmmu-vs-iommu-memory.png Page Faults Page fault exception are generated when a process tries to access an unknown page to memory management unit. The handler goes further in examining the currently running process`s memory information and MMU state, then determines whether the fault is good or bad. As good page faults cause the handler to give more memory to the process, the bad faults invoke the handler to terminate the process. From good page faults are expected behaviour to whenever a program allocates a dynamic memory to run a section of code, write a for the first time a section of data or increases its stack size. In such a case when a process tries to access this newly memory, page fault is declared by MMU and the system adds a fresh page of memory to the process`s table. The interrupted process is the resumed. In cases where a process attempt to access a memory that its doesnt own or follows a NULL pointer then bad faults occur. Additionally, it could also be due to bugs in the kernel in which case the handler w ill print an oops information before terminates/killing the process. 6 Swapping Linux separates its physical RAM (random access memory) into pieces of memory called pages. The process of Swapping is accomplished by copying a page of memory to the preconfigured space on the hard disk, known as a swap space, to exempt that page of memory. The combined sizes of the physical memory and the swap space is the amount of virtual memory available. Swapping is done mainly for two reasons; One is insufficient memory required by the system when physical memory is not available. The kernel does swaps out the less used pages and supply the resources to currently running processes. Second, a significant number of the pages used by an application during its start-up phase may only be used for initialization and then never used again. The system can swap out those pages and free the memory for other applications or even for the disk cache. Nevertheless, swapping does have a disadvantage. If Compare with memory, disks are very slow. For example, memory speeds are measured in nanoseconds, but disks are measured in milliseconds, so admittance to the physical memory can be significantly faster than accessing disk. It depends how often swapping occurs, if it happens frequently your system will be slower. Sometimes excessive swapping or thrashing occurs where a page is swapped out and then very soon swapped in and then swapped out again and so on. In such situations the system is struggling to find free memory and keep applications running at the same time. In this case only adding more RAM will help. There are two forms of swap space: the swap partition and the swap file. The swap partition is a substantive section of the hard disk which is used only for swapping; other files cannot locate there. A special file in the file system which stands amongst your system and data files called a swap file. 7 Problems of virtual memory management in Linux There are several possible problems with the page replacement algorithm in Linux , which can be listed as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The system may react badly to variable VM load or to load spikes after a period of no VM activity. Since the Kswapd, the page out daemon, only scans when the system is low on memory, the system can end up in a state where some pages have reference bits from the last 5 seconds, while other pages have reference bits from 20 minutes ago. This means that on a load spike the system have no clue which are the right pages to evict from memory, this can lead to a swapping storm, where the wrong pages are evicted and almost immediately after towards faulted back in, leading to the page out of another random page, etc. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There is no method to prevent the possible memory deadlock. With the arrival of journaling and delay allocation file systems it is possible that the systems will need to allocate memory in order to free memory, that is, to write out data so memory can become free. It may be useful to introduce some algorithm to prevent the possible deadlock under extremely low memory situation. Conclusion All in all, Linux memory management seems to be effective than before and this is based on the assumption that Linux has less applications that it runs as to compared to windows machines which has more users and more applications. Beside, the system may react badly to variable VM load However, regular updates from Linux has managed to lessen the bugs. Swapping does require more disk memory in case the physical memory is insufficient to serve more demanding applications and if the disk space is too low the user runs the risk of waiting or kill other process for other programs to work. Additionally, resuming the swapped pages may result into corrupted data, but Linux has been in upper hand to solve such bugs. 8 Frequently Ask Questions What is the main goal of the Memory Management? The Memory Management Unit should be able to decide which process should locate in the main memory; should control the parts of the virtual space of a process which is non-core resident; responsible for monitoring the available main memory and for the writing processes into the swap device in order to provide more processor fit in the main memory at the same time. What is called a page fault? Page fault appear when the process addresses a page in the working set of the process but the process is not able to locate the page in the working set. To overcome this problem kernel should updates the working set by reading the page from the secondary device. What is the Minimum Memory Requirement? Linux needs at least 4MB, and then you will need to use special installation procedures until the disk swap space is installed. Linux will run comfortably in 4MB of RAM, although running GUI apps is impractically slow because they need to swap out to disk. 9 Section 2: Microprocessor Introduction Microprocessor incorporates all or most of the functions of Central Processor Unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit, so in the world of personal computers, the terms microprocessor and CPU are used interchangeably. The microprocessor is the brain of any computer, whether it is a desktop machine, a server or a laptop. It processes instructions and communicates with outside devices, controlling most of the operation of the computer. How Microprocessors Work Microprocessor Logic A microprocessor performs a collection of machine instructions that tell the processor what to do. A microprocessor does 3 main things based on the instructions: Using its ALU (Arithmetic/Logic Unit), a microprocessor is able to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. A microprocessor is able to move data from one memory location to another. A microprocessor is able to make decisions and jump to a new set of instructions based on those decisions. 10 The following diagram shows how to extremely simple microprocessor capable of doing of 3 jobs. The microprocessor contains: An address bus that sends an address to memory A data bus that can sends data to memory or receive data from memory A RD (read) and WR (write) line to tell the memory whether to set or get the address A clock line lets a clock pulse sequence the processor A reset line that resets the program counter to zero and restarts execution 11 Here the explanation of components and how they perform: Registers A, B and C are kind of latches that made out of flip-flops The address latch is just like registers A, B and C. The program counter is a latch with the extra capacity to increment by 1 when or reset to zero it is needed. Major trends which affect microprocessor performance and design Increasing number of Cores: A dual-core processor is a  CPU  with two processors or execution cores in the same  integrated circuit. Each processor has its own  cache  and controller, which enables it to function as efficiently as a single processor. However, because the two processors are linked together, they can perform operations up to twice as fast as a single processor can. The Intel Core Duo, the AMD X2, and the dual-core PowerPC G5 are all examples of CPUs that use dual-core technologies. These CPUs each combine two processor cores on a single silicon chip. This is different than a dual processor configuration, in which two physically separate CPUs work together. However, some high-end machines, such as the PowerPC G5 Quad, use two separate dual-core processors together, providing up to four times the performance of a single processor. 12 Reducing size of processor Size of the processor the one of the major trend what is affecting to the processor in last years time. When the processor becoming small there will be many advantages like it can include many cores to a processor, it will protect energy, it will increase its speed also. 45nm Processor Technology Intel has introduced 45nm Technology in Intel Core 2 and Intel Core i7 Processor Family. Intel 45nm High-K Silicon Processors contain Larger L2 Cache than 65nm Processors. 32nm ProcessorTechnology At research level Intel have introduced 32nm processor (Code Name Nehalem- based Westmere) which will be released in 2nd quarter of 2009 Energy saving Energy is one of the most important resources in the world. Therefore we must save and protect it for future purpose. The power consumption in microprocessor would be one of the major trends. For instance, Intel Core 2 family of processors are very efficient processor, they have very intelligent power management features, such à Ã‚ °s, ability to deactivate unused cores; it still draws up to 24 watts in idle mode. 13 High speed cache and buses In Past year Microprocessor Manufactures like Intel has introduced new cache technologies to their processors which can gain more efficiency improvements and reduce latency. Intel Advanced Smart Cache technology is a multicore cache that reduce latency to frequency used data in modern processor the cache size is increased up to 12MB installing a heat sink and microprocessor 14 Differences between Microprocessors Servers Originally the microprocessor for server should give uninterrupted time and stability with low power consumption and less resources allocating processor for System Cache. Thats why most of the time they use Unix and Linux as the Server based operating systems, because they take less amount of hardware resources and use effectively so the heat which dispatches from the processor is less and the heating would be less. Desktop Processors The desktop microprocessors are a bit different from server microprocessors, because they are not very much concerned of power consumption or use less resources of Operation system. The goal of Desktop microprocessors is to deliver as much performance as possible while keeping the cost of the processor low and power consumption within reasonable limits. Another important fact is out there, it is most of the programs which are being used in desktop machines are designed to do long time processor scheduling jobs like rendering a high definition image, or compiling a source file. So the processors are also designed to adopt those kinds of processing. Laptop Processor The CPU produces a lot of heats, in the desktop computers there are a systems of fans, heat sinks, channels and radiators that are uses to cool off the computer. Since laptop has small size, and far less room for any cooling methods, the CPU usually: Runs at a lower voltage and clock speed (reduces heat output and power consumption but slows the processor down) Has a sleep or slow-down mode (when the computer is not in use or when the processor does not need to run as quickly the operation system reduces the CPU speed) 15 Embedded Microprocessors Most of the embedded devices using Microcontrollers instead of separate Microprocessors; they are an implementation of whole computer inside a small thumb size chip called Microcontroller. These microcontrollers are varying its performance due to battery consumption and Instruction length issues. Most of them are designed using RISC architecture to minimize the complexity and the number of instructions per processor. Embedded device processors have high speed potential but the problem they are having is high power consumption and heating. Conclusion Current technology allows for one processor socket to provide access to one logical core. But this approach is expected to change, enabling one processor socket to provide access to two, four, or more processor cores. Future processors will be designed to allow multiple processor cores to be contained inside a single processor module. 16 Frequently Ask Questions: 1. How does the operating system share the cpu in a multitasking system? There are two basic ways of establishing a multitasking environment; times lice and priority based. In a a times lice multitasking environment each application is given a set amount of time (250 milliseconds, 100 milliseconds, etc) to run then the scheduler turns over execution to some other process. In such an environment each READY application takes turns, allowing them to effectively share the CPU. In a priority based environment each application is assigned a priority and the process with the highest priority will be allowed to execute as long as it is ready, meaning that it will run until it needs to wait for some kind of resource such as operator input, disk access or communication. Once a higher priority process is no longer ready, the next higher process will begin execution until it is no longer ready or until the higher priority process takes the processor back. Most real-time operating systems in use today tend to be some kind of combination of the two. 2.What is a multi-core? Two or more independent core combined into a single package composed of a single integrated circuit is known as a multi-core processor. 3. What is the difference between a processor and a microprocessor? generally, processor would be the part of a computer that interprets (and executes) instructions A microprocessor, is a CPU that is in just one IC (chip). For example, the CPU in a PC is in a chip so it can also be referred to as microprocessor. It has come to be called a microprocessor, because in the older days processors would normally be implemented in many ICs, so it was considered quite a feat to include the whole CPU in one chip that they called it a Microprocessor 17

Geothermal Energy Essays -- Science Energy Chemistry Essays

Geothermal Energy Geothermal energy is a superior source of energy because it is constantly being produced. Radioactive decay of nuclei with long half lives that were imbedded in the Earth’s interior during its genesis accounts for seventy percent of the globe’s internal energy. The remainder of this energy is derived from either the residual heat left over form the Earth’s formation, gravitational forces, or meteorite impacts. Geothermal energy is available anywhere on the planet. On average the Earth emits one sixteenth of a watt per meter squared, however this number can dramatically increase in regions near volcanoes, hot springs and fumaroles. Therefore, the uniqueness of each location around the world causes the Earth’s internal heat to be stored underground in many different natural structures. In some areas, the globe’s heat is stored in the rocks that form the Earth. There is a normal temperature increase, called the Normal Geothermal Gradient, of 30 degrees Celsius for every kilometer dug below the Earth’s surface. However, the precise amount of temperature increase that occurs as one’s depth increases is not a constant over the entire surface, it depends on the rock’s temperature. Therefore, in hotter sections of the planet there is Hot Dry Rock which produces an increase in temperature of forty degrees for every kilometer dug below the surface. In additi on, a reserve of geothermal heat even hotter than the solid rock type is molten magma, which is melted rock. Also, some regions of the planet house underground aquifers that use water to store large quantities of heat. Some areas contain vast hot water pools deep below the surface called Hot Water Reservoirs. In other places the conditions are r... ...ability it will surely be developed much more extensively in the near future. This source of energy will also be able to be used for a long time into the future because geothermal energy’s sources will continue to replace the energy used. In addition, it is estimated that the Earth can produce 600,000 exajoules of energy over five million years. This rate is believed to be enough energy to fulfill human energy requirements for the rest of the biosphere. Sources For my sources, I used the text book, Energy and the Environment and the following websites. †¢ http://www.eren.doe.gov/geothermal/ †¢ http://www.h2ssafety.com/hydrogen_sulfide.htm †¢ http://www.geothermie.de/egec_geothernet/menu/frameset.htm †¢ http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/energy/geothermal/markets.htm †¢ http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/energy/geothermal/ †¢ http://www.ees4.lanl.gov/hdr/

Compound sentence

The setting is a very important part of any plot. It sets the scene, gives visualization, and develops the theme. In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird, the settings of Scouts house, Mrs. Dubos house and the schoolhouse are exceptionally important. It is in these places that Scout learns important life lessons. In the Finch's house Scout learns about manners and to tolerate other people. Clearing, the housekeeper, spends lots of time teaching Scout proper manner and how to treat people.One of the biggest lessons learned is that looks deceive us and not to Judge someone till you walked in their shoes. She learns to tolerate people when Walter Cunningham comes over for lunch one day. Walter Cunningham is described as, â€Å"looked as if he had been raised on fish food†¦ Had no color in his face†¦ And fingered the straps of his overalls,† (Lee )which is an insult to his health. It describes his as skinny, pale, and not in good health. As they eat the poor molasses all over his meal, disgusting but also intriguing Scout at the same time.Not understanding she comments, â€Å"what the Sam hill he was doing†(Lee ). This immediately enrages Clearing and she scolds Scout. Callers reaction caused Scout to realize that she must be more aware of the ways of other people and that she needs to tolerate and accept them and accept them for who they are no matter how different or strange. However, Calendar Isn't the only person In the Finch home that has taught her important lessons. Attic's Finch has taught Scout some of the most Important lessons about society and why people are the way they are.

Ambitious leader

Not everyone Is capable of being an ambitious leader. Ambition Is an Intense desire for achievement or distinction. Some individuals are born with an inner motive that pushes them to find solutions. An ambitious leader is someone who is confident, open-minded, and has self-control. Confidence is an essential aspect when it comes to being an ambitious leader.You can teach an ambitious leader to be a mentor, problem solver, and a better communicator, yet without believing in themselves that leadership is nothing more Han Just a title. Ambitious leaders believe in themselves and the decisions they make which tend to lead to success. Many ambitious leaders are certain that they need to make confident decisions, follow them through and admit when they have made a mistake. The ability to keep an open mind Is an essential quality of ambitious leaders.When a leader Is open-minded they tend to be humble or flexible. An ambitious leader will have a habit of keeping an open mind as a way of all owing new and useful ideas to arise in whatever it is they are doing. Taking in new options being noninsured in that person's decision-making process is what makes an ambitious leader successful. Self-control is a significant aspect ambitious leaders have. Self-control involves managing one's emotions and urges in order to control inappropriate reactions and create energy in a positive way.Ambitious leaders stay calm and perceptive under high stress or during a crisis to ensure that everything runs smoothly. Self-control additionally requires mind-control. One thing ambitious leaders are certain of Is that they need to control their mind or It will end up controlling them, which leads to negative effects on one's leadership. An ambitious leader who demonstrates great self-control possesses a charisma that can encourage passionate devotion from his or her followers.Not everyone is capable of being an ambitious leader. Ambition is an intense The ability to keep an open mind is an esse ntial quality of ambitious leaders. When a leader is open-minded they tend to be humble or flexible. An ambitious additionally requires mind-control. One thing ambitious leaders are certain of is that they need to control their mind or it will end up controlling them, which leads to negative effects on one's leadership. An ambitious leader who demonstrates great.

Aztecs! essays

Aztecs! essays The Aztec Indians, who are known for their domination of southern and central Mexico, ruled between the 14th and 16th centuries. Their name is derived from Azatlan, the homeland of the north. The Aztecs also call themselves Mexica and there language came from the Nahuatlan branch of the Uto-Aztecan family. The Aztecs were formed after the Toltec civilization occurred when hundreds of civilians came towards Lake texcoco. Late families were unfortunate and were forced to go to the swamp lands. In the swamp lands there was only one piece of land to farm on and it was totally surrounded by more marshes . The Aztec families some how converted these disadvantages to a might empire known as they Aztec Empire. People say the empire was partially formed by a deeply believed legend. As the the legend went it said that Aztec people would create a empire on in a swampy place where they would see an eagle eating a snake while perched on a cactus which is growing out of a rock in the swamplands. This is what priests claimed they saw while entering the new land. By the year 1325 Their capital city was finished. They called it Tenochtitlan. In the the capital city aqueducts (piping) were constructed, bridges were built, and chinapas were made. Chinapas were little islands formed by pilled up mud. On these chinapas Aztecs grew corn, beans, chili peppers, squash, tomatoes, and tobacco. Tenochtitlan (the capital city) was covered in giant religious statues in order to pay their respects to the gods. In the Aztec religion numerous gods controlled an Aztecs daily life. Some of these gods include: Uitzilpochtli (the sun god), Coyolxauhqui (the moon goddess), Tlaloc (the rain god), and Quetzalcoatl (the inventor of the calendar and writing). Another part of the Aztec religion was human sacrifices. For their sacrifices the priest would lay the man or woman over a convex (rounded) stone, then he would take a sharp knife and cut the victims heart out ...

Critically assess the provisions of the Corporate Manslaughter and Essay

Critically assess the provisions of the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 - Essay Example Thus, existing laws against corporate manslaughter are generally compared to a paper tiger. This used to be the case in UK where organized labor and other concerned sectors had for many years railed against the growing number of deaths at work in which nobody gets the blame and receives the appropriate penalty. In 2003, the country’s Trade Union Congress (TUC) noted that 10,000 Britons die at work each year, or one for every single hour. The report said in 2002 alone, 249 workers and 384 innocent bystanders were killed in workplace incidents, with 4,000 more dying from asbestos-related diseases and 6,000 from other occupational illnesses9. Media likewise estimated that over 40,000 people in UK had been killed in commercially related circumstances between 1966 and 200610, but under the old common law of manslaughter, only 34 companies were prosecuted for homicide and only seven resulted in convictions. The old laws such as the law of gross negligence treated work-related deaths like common crimes, which seldom gave justice to the victims because of the inherent difficulty of pinpointing blame in a corporate setting. Under this common-law crime of manslaughter, government solicitors prosecuted erring firms in many celebrated cases but failed. Among these cases were the 1990 capsizing of the Herald of Free Enterprise ferry boat owned and operated by P & O Ferries (Dover), which killed 192 people, and the Southall rail crash in 1997, which caused seven deaths and injuries to 151 others. In both cases there were difficulties in finding one senior person in the company who knew enough to incriminate him6. What was found galling in these disasters was that they were not caused by mere individual mistakes but were part of a systemic failure of safety management10, which cries for the prosecution of an entire organization. There was one case in which government

Employees Morale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employees Morale - Essay Example Therefore, the company should employ a comprehensive exposure strategy for employees to ensure that they develop skills compatible with emerging trends in the rental car business (Bruce, 2003). The company should practice workforce exchange programs with other organizations offering car rental services in order motivate employees to appreciate the company’s working environment. The employees should be given attractive remuneration to promote loyalty and energize their working potential (Bowles, Cooper & Palgrave, 2009). The company should plan for reasonable allowance strategy to ensure that hardworking employees are reward proportionately to their contribution to the company’s success. The employees should be awarded attractive entertainment allowance to facilitate adequate refreshment when on holiday. The company working schedule should be well structured ensure that it is convenient for all employees. The employees should not be made to report very early and leave late from work. Overworking the employees lowers their working morale and sometimes pressures them to produce substandard results (Amar, 2001). In this regard, the company should consider restructuring the work program and allow workers to operate in shifts to minimize fatigue and work pressure. The company should focus on appreciating the hardworking workers to encourage them to put more efforts in their endeavor.. For instance, the employees showing distinguished performance should be promoted to higher ranks and their salaries to be reviewed to boost their working spirit. Research has shown that promotion is a significant booster of employees’ morale. Employees will always work hard to get to high levels of their career. The company should not interfere with employee freedom at the work place. The employees should be allowed to mingle and share experiences